The basic structure of LED automotive lamps consists of five parts: 1. LED array; 2. Mirror; 3. Light Mirror; 4. Heatsink; 5. Drive circuit.
The development of LED automotive lighting is directly related to the development of LED light sources. The phenomenon of semiconductor electroluminescence was discovered in 1907. Due to the weak light, mass production is difficult and progress is slow. In 1968, Monsanto Company of the United States launched a red LED with a GaAsp/GaAs structure with a light intensity exceeding 20mcd, which was used as a breakthrough point and greatly accelerated the development of LED. Then, red, yellow and green LEDs with a light intensity of 1000mcd were successively developed, and preliminary applications were obtained on the signal indications of instruments and telecommunications, forming an early application market for LEDs. However, due to its performance indicators such as light intensity and light attenuation, it has not been widely used in automotive lamps. Until 1990, HP and Toshiba of the United States introduced red and yellow high-brightness LEDs with an InGaAlP/GaAs structure with a light intensity of more than 1000mcd and 1993, Japan’s Nichia Corporation invented InGaN/Al2O3 blue and green high-brightness LEDs. And mass production paves the way for LED lighting of automotive lighting sources.
In 1985, LED car lights first appeared on passenger cars. In 1986, the use of LED high-position brake lights on Nissan 300zx cars marked the beginning of the era of LED car lamps. Internationally renowned automobile brands such as BMW, Cadillac, Buick, Volkswagen, Ford, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Mazda and Skoda have successively launched LED automotive lamps.
LED car lighting is growing at a double-digit rate every year. In 2005, the output value reached 546 million US dollars, accounting for 14% of the world's LED applications. China first used LED high-position brake lights on the Shanghai Volkswagen Santana 2000 in 2000. China's LED car lamps are growing at an annual rate of 70%-80%, and the output value in 2006 exceeded 100 million yuan.
At present, LED headlamps are in the process of research and development in the world, and there are already conceptual lamps, and there are no products. In addition to LED headlamps, they have been commercialized and have entered the intelligent control period of the lights. The LED lighting and intelligent level of China's auto lamps are about five years away from the international level.
In the future, LEDs will gain wider application in automobiles as LED quality increases and prices drop.
Design must take into account two aspects
Directly related to the optical parts of the light, there are three parts of the light source, mirror and light mirror, collectively referred to as the light group. The optical design of the headlights is the lighting group design of the lights. The design principle of the lighting group is the first consideration: First, it conforms to the overall structure and modeling of the vehicle lamp in the OEM; second, it meets the requirements of the national regulations and standards.
The LED light source should be based on the requirements of different lamps for the luminous flux, and LEDs of different powers are used to form the LED array. The mirror is a mirror specially designed to improve the light extraction rate of the light source and meet the requirements of light distribution performance. The effect is to illuminate the light flux emitted by the light source onto the mirror according to a certain distribution. The function of the light distribution mirror is to distribute or scatter the light reflected by the mirror through the pattern on the light distribution mirror to the desired position to achieve the light distribution requirement.
For a long time, automotive lamps have used incandescent point light sources as reference materials to determine the lighting design of the lamps and to form corresponding software. The specifications and standards of lighting are also formulated in this way. LED light source has its own characteristics. The design and manufacture of LED automotive lamps cannot be simply applied to conventional methods. The design and manufacturing methods must be modified. At the same time, the specifications and standards that are compatible with LED automotive lamps must be developed. To this end, it is necessary to carry out related research and development.
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