There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.
1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:
a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.
b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.
c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.
The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.
2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.
3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.
4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.
5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.
6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.
7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.
8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.
Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system
At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:
A. Signal line between balance and balance:
1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ Pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).
2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.
3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.
4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).
Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.
B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).
C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.
D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.
In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!
Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:
After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:
1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.
2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.
3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.
4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.
The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.
Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.
5. Points when the device is connected:
The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:
1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.
2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.
3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.
1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:
a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.
b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.
c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.
The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.
2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.
3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.
4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.
5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.
6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.
7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.
8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.
Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system
At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:
A. Signal line between balance and balance:
1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).
2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.
3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.
4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).
Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.
B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).
C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.
D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.
In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!
Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:
After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:
1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.
2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.
3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.
4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.
The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.
Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.
5. Points when the device is connected:
The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:
1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.
2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.
3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.
1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector.在æŸç§æ„义上说，使用å¡ä¾¬æŽ¥æ’件也是专业音å“系统有别于民用音å“的特å¾ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œå…¶å¥½å¤„是：
aã€é‡‡ç”¨å¹³è¡¡ä¼ 输方å¼çš„，抗外界干扰能力较强，利于远è·ç¦»ä¼ 输。
bã€å…·æœ‰å¼¹ç°§é”定装置，连接å¯é ，ä¸æ˜“拉脱。
cã€æŽ¥æ’件规定了信å·æµå‘，便于防æ¢è¿žæŽ¥ä¸Šçš„差错。
å¡ä¾¬æ’头有公æ’与æ¯æ’之分，æ’座也åŒæ ·æœ‰å…¬æ’座与æ¯æ’座之分。公æ’的接点是æ’针，而æ¯æ’的接点是æ’å”。按照国际上通用的惯例，以公æ’头或æ’座作信å·çš„输入端；以æ¯æ’头ã€æ’座作为信å·çš„输出端。
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还有一点，为了防æ¢â€œçŽ¯è·¯å¹²æ‰°â€ï¼Œæˆ‘们å¯ä»¥æŠŠä¸€æ¡ä¿¡å·çº¿ä¸çš„一个XLRå¡ä¾¬æŽ¥å¤´çš„接点1（å±è”½æŽ¥åœ°ï¼‰æˆ–一个TRS立体声接头的接地(Ground)在特殊情况下空出一个æ¥ä¸æŽ¥ï¼Œä¾‹å¦‚：一æ¡XLRå¡ä¾¬å…¬å¯¹XLRå¡ä¾¬æ¯çš„平衡线，我们å¯ä»¥ç©ºå‡ºXLRå¡ä¾¬æ¯æŽ¥å¤´é‡Œé¢æŽ¥ç‚¹1（å±è”½æŽ¥åœ°ï¼‰æ¥ä¸æŽ¥ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å¯ä»¥é¿å…设备之间的æŸäº›å¹²æ‰°ï¼›TRS接头原ç†ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œä»»æ„空出一个接地(Ground)æŽ¥ç‚¹å°±å¥½äº†ã€‚è¿™æ ·ä¸€æ¡å¹³è¡¡çº¿æˆ‘们原æ¥åœ¨åˆ¶ä½œæ—¶ä¸€å…±è¦ç„ŠæŽ¥6个焊点，现在空出一个æ¥å°±æ˜¯ç„ŠæŽ¥5个焊点了，但éžå¹³è¡¡çº¿ä¸èƒ½é‡‡ç”¨æ¤æ–¹æ³•ã€‚
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Cã€å¹³è¡¡ä¸Žéžå¹³è¡¡ä¹‹é—´çš„ä¿¡å·çº¿ï¼šXLRå¡ä¾¬å…¬æˆ–XLRå¡ä¾¬æ¯æŽ¥å¤´â†’TSå•éŸ³(声)接头，这ç§è¿žæŽ¥æ–¹å¼å®žé™…上信å·ä¹Ÿå˜æˆäº†éžå¹³è¡¡ä¼ 输方å¼äº†ï¼Œåˆ¶ä½œæ–¹é¢XLRå¡ä¾¬æŽ¥å¤´çš„接点1å’Œ3åˆå¹¶æŽ¥å±è”½çº¿ç„¶åŽå¯¹æŽ¥TSå•éŸ³(声)接头的接地(Ground)ï¼›XLR接点2çƒç«¯ï¼ˆ+æžï¼‰å¯¹æŽ¥TSå•éŸ³(声)接头的头端（+æžï¼‰ã€‚在专业音å“系统ä¸è¿™ç§çº¿ç»å¸¸ä½¿ç”¨åœ¨åŒ…厢å¡æ‹‰OK系统ä¸åšè¯ç’线用。
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1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:
a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.
b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.
c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.
The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.
2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.
3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.
4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.
5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.
6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.
7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.
8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.
Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system
At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:
A. Signal line between balance and balance:
1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ Pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).
2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.
3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.
4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).
Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.
B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).
C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.
D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.
In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!
Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:
After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:
1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.
2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.
3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.
4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.
The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.
Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.
5. Points when the device is connected:
The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:
1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.
2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.
3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.
1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector. In a sense, the use of a card connector is also one of the characteristics of a professional audio system that is different from a civilian audio. The benefits are:
a. Using balanced transmission mode, it has strong resistance to external interference, which is conducive to long-distance transmission.
b. With spring locking device, the connection is reliable and it is not easy to pull off.
c. The connector specifies the signal flow direction to prevent errors on the connection.
The plug has a male plug and a female plug, and the socket also has a male socket and a female socket. The male plug is the pin, and the female plug is the jack. According to the common practice in the world, the input terminal is used as a signal with a male plug or socket; the female plug and socket are used as the output end of the signal.
2, RCA: commonly known in China as the lotus head (because of some types of RCA connectors look like lotus petals), this joint is composed of two joints, respectively hot (+ level); cold end grounding (- Level), which uses coaxial cable connection, of course, can also use multi-core audio cable, often used in general home audio equipment. Because it is about 3.5 cm in length, I usually call it: 3.5cm plug.
3, TRS: generally called stereo connector, it is composed of three contacts, respectively: head end (+ level); ring end (-level); ground (Ground), used in small headphones on the length of 3.5 cm Left and right, but it is still used in professional audio . Its length is 6.35 cm. At present, the high-impedance input and plug-in socket of professional mixers mostly use this plug. Most other audio equipments also use this port.
4, TS: commonly known as mono (sound) connector, this connector is composed of two contacts, respectively, the head end (+ level); ground (Ground). The above two connectors, used in professional audio , have a length of 6.35 cm, so I usually call it: 6.35 cm plug. Although the TS connector and the TRS connector are the same length and similar in appearance, the specific functions can be different. The TRS stereo connector can transmit signals in a balanced manner with a three-core cable; however, the TS mono connector can only use unbalanced signaling. the way.
5, MIDI connector: Use the connector on the MIDI application, there are five pins to transmit information about MIDI.
6, speaker connector, now generally use four-core professional connector, and some use TS mono connector or other methods.
7, all kinds of adapters: you can easily use this connector to switch between a variety of different joints.
8. There are other special connectors that are not introduced here.
Third, the production of the connection line in the sound system
At present, the input and output signal modes of professional audio equipment are basically divided into: Balance balance mode and Unbalance unbalance mode. Of course, the balanced and balanced, unbalanced and unbalanced ports can be directly fed with signals; in the case of higher requirements, between the balanced and unbalanced ports, special converters must be connected to each other. However, in actual engineering, as long as the signal line is not too long and the interference is not too large, the balanced port and the unbalanced port can be directly connected to the normal transmission signal. In a sound system, in addition to the power transmission line between the amplifier and the speaker, the signal connection between other devices should be transmitted in a balanced manner as much as possible, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system and increase the effective transmission of the signal. Distance, line:
A. Signal line between balance and balance:
1. XLR card connector + XLR card connector: This type of wire is used most in professional audio systems. Connect the shield layer, contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (- pole).
2, TRS stereo connector → TRS stereo connector: the production side of the two TRS stereo connector between the head end (+ level), ring end (-level), ground (Ground) three contacts respectively. This kind of line should actually be used in a large number in the sound system, but many sound engineers often use the TS single tone (sound) connector instead of the map. This is especially important to note that this alternative signal transmission method is balanced transmission. It became an unbalanced transmission.
3, XLR card male or female connector → TRS stereo connector: production aspect card XLR 侬 connector contact 1 (shielded ground) docking TRS stereo ground (Ground); XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) docking TRS head (+ pole); XLR contact 3 cold end (-pole) docked to the ring end (- pole) of the TRS. This is also a balanced transmission method, which is also frequently used in professional audio systems.
4, XLR card 侬 public → XLR card 侬 public or XLR card 侬 mother → XLR card 侬 mother: This line is a bit special, up to the signal connection between the amplifier and the amplifier or between the amplifier and other peripheral devices, the production is also Connect the three contacts of 1, 2, and 3 between the two connectors, the contact 1 is connected to the shield, the contact 2 is connected to the signal hot end (+ pole), and the contact 3 is connected to the signal cold end (-pole).
Another point, in order to prevent "loop interference", we can vacate one of the XLR card joints of one of the signal lines (shield ground) or the ground of a TRS stereo connector (Ground) in a special case. Not connected, for example: an XLR card 侬 public to the XLR card 侬 mother's balance line, we can vacate the XLR card 侬 female connector inside the contact 1 (shield ground) to not connect, so as to avoid some interference between the devices; The principle of the TRS connector is the same, just vacate a ground contact. Such a balance line we originally had to weld 6 solder joints at the time of production, and now one is to weld 5 solder joints, but the unbalanced line cannot use this method.
B. Signal line between unbalanced and unbalanced: generally refers to the signal line between the TS single tone (sound) connector and the TS tone (sound) connector. This is an unbalanced transmission method. The two ends of the two TS monophonic (sound) connectors are connected at the head end (+ level) and ground (Ground).
C. Signal line between balance and non-equilibrium: XLR card or XLR card connector → TS tone (sound) connector, this connection method actually turns into an unbalanced transmission mode. The contacts 1 and 3 of the XLR card connector are connected to the shielded wire and then grounded to the ground of the TS single tone (sound) connector; the XLR contact 2 hot end (+ pole) is connected to the head of the TS monophonic (sound) connector (+ pole). In professional audio systems, such lines are often used in microphones in the box karaoke system.
D. Speaker cable: In the connection of the amplifier and speaker of the professional audio system, the resistance of the speaker cable should be as low as possible, and the thick and short wires and reasonable wiring should be selected. Today's speakers generally use four-core professional connectors, and the power amplifiers also generally use four-core professional connectors or binding posts. In terms of production, the 1 (+ pole) and 1 (-pole) of the speaker's four-core professional connector are output with the power amplifier ( +Pole and (-pole) are properly connected. There are also speakers or amplifiers that use TS mono connectors and binding posts, which are connected in the same way. All are positive to positive, negative to negative, if reversed, the speaker will reverse, which will affect the sound quality and stability of the speaker, while avoiding short circuit when connecting, otherwise it will damage the power amplifier equipment.
In general, the above is the type of cable we often use in the system. Maybe we didn't pay much attention to the connection of the signal cable and the speaker cable before. Take the signal cable as an example: in fact, it is just like the blood vessels in the human body! And in terms of stability and long-term considerations, we must use high-quality wire and high-quality plugs, and ensure that they are welded with high quality and trouble-free. Now, when I do the project, no matter how busy and tired, I am used to soldering all the signal cables in the system. If the signal line connected by others is connected to the system, there is no point at all, just like you don’t know how to move forward. There will be a mine on the road. You don't know which signal line will fail. So, relatively, the bad equipment can also believe its stability, but I don't believe in quality. Not guaranteed signal cable and speaker cable!
Fourth, the sound system equipment connection order:
After making all kinds of signal cables, we have to prepare for the device connection. Now there are more peripheral devices in the audio system. There must always be a connection when I connect. In my last series of articles, I have already introduced them. Here again. Summarize a few simple join sequences:
1. Bass system equipment connection sequence: mixer (1-2 groups) → equalizer → crossover → compressor → bass amplifier → subwoofer.
2, auxiliary audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (3-4 group) → equalizer → delay device (optional) → pressure limiter → auxiliary speaker amplifier → auxiliary speaker.
3, the main audio system equipment connection sequence: mixer (LR main channel) → equalizer → exciter (optional) → feedback suppressor (optional) → pressure limiter → main speaker amplifier → main speaker.
4, monitoring system equipment connection sequence: mixer (AUX output) → equalizer → pressure limiter → monitor speaker amplifier → monitor speakers.
The first connection method above can control the volume of the bass separately, so that the volume of the mixer 1-2 group can be increased when it is slow or dip, and it can be opened when the singer sings, which is very flexible. The second connection method can also control the sound of the auxiliary speaker very well; the third main speaker we are used to output the volume from the LR total output of the mixer; the fourth kind of monitoring system, the standard is from AUX The volume is output so that the volume of each channel of the mixer can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the singer or the band, but in a smaller sound system, the monitor signal can be taken directly from the main channel signal. The above 1st and 2nd connection methods should also pay attention: since 1-2, 3-4 groups, we have independently output signals to the bass system and auxiliary system from the corresponding output ports, then 1-2, 3- 4 groupings should not be output through the total volume of the mixer, that is, the switch of 1-2, 3-4 grouping to the total volume of the mixer should not be opened.
Of course, we still have to flexibly arrange the order of the devices when they are needed according to the number of devices and the number of devices. The above order is for reference only.
5. Points when the device is connected:
The above briefly introduces the types of various connection lines, the production and the connection order of the devices. In the specific connection of the devices, facing a wide variety of device sockets, many sound engineers do not know how to start, but it is very simple. Everyone just needs to remember the following points:
1. Balance balance mode: Nowadays, the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports. We only choose to connect the equipment with the balanced line of XLR card connector or connect the balance line of TRS6.35cm stereo connector. Equipment only.
2, Unbalance unbalanced side: Although the sockets on the rear panel of most audio equipment are balanced ports, some devices still have unbalanced ports. For example, some electronic crossovers have output outlets labeled: BalanceOUT (balanced output) and UnbalanceOUT (unbalanced) output, so we can also use the unbalanced line of the TS6.35cm mono connector to connect the device, as long as the line is not too long, the interference is not too large, so the connection is still possible.
3, IN input and OUT output: Some beginners look at the back of the device, there are so many sockets to faint, in fact, there is a flaw: no matter what audio equipment, basically can be divided into "IN input" and "OUT output" Most of them, so we only need to look for "IN and OUT". Other unfamiliar sockets should not be connected casually. In short, the connected equipment is like running water: the upstream water flows into the "IN input"; the flow downstream The water will flow out through the "OUT output", so that the first level is not very simple?
There are many types of audio system connections, and different systems and devices have different connection methods. But in general, the principle is the same, mainly there are: audio source + amplifier + speaker, composed.
1. The current sound source includes various instruments, various sound source players and some special sound generators.
2. The power amplifier is composed of various amplifying circuits, which can amplify the signal of the previous stage to promote the speaker of the latter stage.
3, now generally combine multiple speakers together to form a speaker, also composed of many types of speakers.
The above is the simplest set of sound systems. Of course, many auxiliary devices have been added to the current system, which we call: peripheral devices. We now flexibly match the sound system according to the characteristics of use and the requirements of the customer. However, the sound effects produced by the different connection methods of the same equipment are different, so we need our technicians to master this knowledge.
Common cables and connectors in audio systems
In order to achieve contact transmission, communication, etc. between the equipment and the equipment in the sound system, it must rely on the tools connected to it, which is the wire and the joint. It occupies a very important role in the entire audio system. Now there are many types of connectors and connectors used in professional audio systems. Below we briefly introduce the common types of wires and connectors:
First, all kinds of wire
1. Professional audio cable: Now the audio cable has two cores, three cores, four cores, five cores, etc. This kind of line can be used to transmit high quality audio signals because of good shielding effect; now more professional microphones generally use three cores. The above wire, this wire has strong anti-interference ability and can be transmitted over long distances. Of course, this wire can also transmit other signals, such as DMX512 control signals for transmitting computer lights.
2, coaxial cable: generally used in video, there are some audio cables, because this wire is less anti-interference ability, coupled with the design is not mainly used to transmit audio signals, so it is not suitable for long distance Audio signal transmission.
3. Concentrated cable: It is the multiple signal wires wrapped in the same protection tube, which is generally used inside the connection system to reduce the number of independent wires. It is now also used in special vehicles such as TV OB vans, underground pre-buried and other. This kind of line is generally processed by professional manufacturers, and the quality is more secure.
4. Optical fiber: Many transmission cables commonly used in recording and playback equipment such as CD or MD, which transmit digital signals. With the popularity of digitalization, the use of optical fiber in audio systems will increase in the future.
5, MIDI cable: usually a five-core cable, transmitting information about MIDI, and now most of them are used in keyboards, effects and other devices.
6, there are some special wires, such as the multi-core cable used in the computer VOD system used to connect to the network can now also be used to transmit audio and video, to achieve computer auto-on-demand function.
Second, a variety of connectors:
1, XLR: commonly known as the card ring connector (Cannon), this connector is composed of three contacts, respectively 1--Ground ground;
2--hot end (+ level); 3--cold end (-level), of course, some equipments specify 3 is hot end (+ level); 2 is cold end (-level), this point to see the equipment Instructions. The cassette connection plug-in is the most widely used type of connector in the professional audio system. It can be used to transmit various types of audio signals in the audio system. Generally, the balanced input and output terminals are connected by using the card connector.在æŸç§æ„义上说，使用å¡ä¾¬æŽ¥æ’件也是专业音å“系统有别于民用音å“的特å¾ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼Œå…¶å¥½å¤„是：
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