On the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the years of a Jiazi accommodate countless brilliant changes. Looking back at the Chinese lighting industry, although there is no such far-reaching and glorious history as the motherland, its prosperity has confirmed the brilliance of China and the wisdom of the Chinese nation. This series of articles is for high-end people who have far-reaching influence on China's lighting industry, and listen to their comments on the development and rise of China's lighting industry. This article interviewed Altai, the president of Guangdong Lighting Association, and listened to him about the development of lighting in China and Guangdong for 60 years.
China's lighting development process
Since the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of China's lighting industry can be divided into two major blocks, with reform and opening up as a watershed.
Before the reform of the country, the lighting industry had just started, the level was low, and there were only lamps in the market. There was no concept of lighting. Large-scale lighting factories mainly exist in Guangdong, accounting for the vast majority of the country, as well as large cities such as Shanghai, Tianjin, and Wuhan, but not many.
In the 10 years after the reform and opening up, we have done a full imitation for 10 years. The introduction of foreign design patterns, products for imitation, domestic companies also imitate each other, and even the product catalog is no exception. After walking through the darker times of the past few years, we began to reflect on the realization that lighting fixtures need to be designed by ourselves and designed to suit people's use. But in that year, there were no lighting designers in China, and the company also focused on the shape of lighting, and found many artists to design the shape. The products they designed are very beautiful, but they are seriously separated from the actual production. The lighting designed is not possible in the production process. From the reform and opening up, we have been detoured for 20 years, and people are beginning to realize the close relationship between production technology and design. Today, the lighting industry has developed relatively maturely, and the designers have comprehensive knowledge and will have great development prospects in the future. The biggest impact on the lighting industry is the development of electric light sources. Lighting energy consumption in developed countries accounts for more than 25% of total energy, while China is close to 20%. The development of energy-saving LED lighting is a big trend in the lighting industry.
Guangdong's lighting development history
The lighting industry in Guangdong Province was very backward before the 1980s. There are only a few small hardware factories in the province that make some simple home interior lighting. There are two main reasons for the backwardness of Guangdong's lighting equipment industry: (1) economic backwardness, Guangdong's founding power for more than 60 years, the majority of rural counties and towns, as well as the cross-street alleys of big cities, most people still use kerosene lamp lighting Mainly, such a socio-economic situation has largely delayed the development of the electric light source lighting equipment industry. (2) It is historical reasons that the society's ideological concept of lighting is old and backward. Despite the great development of power after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the urban and rural areas gradually popularized the electric light source lighting. Due to the requirements of the whole society for lighting equipment and the requirements for lighting methods, they are constrained by the old and backward ideas. Therefore, the lighting appliance manufacturing industry is also in a state of stagnation.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the first generation of modern lamps in Guangdong used high-grade marble materials for fine processing of marble table lamps and vases using quaint blue-and-white porcelain bottles, high-grade gauze covers and gold-plated caps. Taiwan is the first batch of products for the transformation and production of modern lighting fixtures by Guangzhou Lighting Factory. It is also the pioneering product of Guangdong modern lighting industry.
In March 1984, Guangzhou Lighting Factory, Guangzhou Investment Company and Hong Kong Mingzhu Lighting Co., Ltd. jointly formed the first lighting company in Guangzhou, Guangzhou Jingying Lighting Co., Ltd.
The Guangzhou Lighting Factory's comprehensive transformation of lighting fixtures and the establishment of the first Sino-foreign joint venture lighting company in Guangzhou opened the prelude to the pioneering development of the modern lighting industry in Guangdong Province. Subsequently, Guangdong lighting factory, lighting companies have sprung up like mushrooms. ?
One year after the establishment of Jingying Lighting Co., Ltd., the second Sino-foreign joint venture Huanghe Lighting Company also appeared in Guangzhou. In the following years, Guangzhou has successively appeared in the Oriental Lighting Factory, Yuehua Lighting Factory, Guangzhou Lighting Electric Appliance Factory, and Gem Bearing Factory (transformed into lighting lighting production and Guangzhou Jiufo Electrical Appliance Factory).
After 1980, Yuedong and Yuexi also began to produce lamps. When Shantou City Hardware Lighting Factory began to produce lamps, the products included more than 20 varieties of lamps and wall lamps. In 1981, Chaozhou Aluminum Products Factory began to produce 11 varieties of wall lamps and chandeliers with aluminum as the main material.
In the pioneering period, the lighting and lighting industry was in the stage of exploration and development, and the pace of development was relatively slow. However, by the end of the 1990s, Zhongshan Guzhen had developed into the largest area for lighting production and sales in the country. During the period of 1987, there were only 9 lighting equipment manufacturers (including light bulb manufacturers). The annual industrial output value was more than 13.7 million yuan. More than 700,000 yuan. These corporate products are relatively monotonous. In terms of electric light source, there are only incandescent bulbs and a small number of shaped bulbs. The main aspects of lamps are plastic rainbow lights, holiday lights, string lights, table lamps, chandeliers, wall lamps, glass dome lamps and so on.
In 1989, there were only more than 30 enterprises engaged in the manufacture of lamps and lanterns in the province. The statistical export value was more than 7 million yuan, and the domestic sales value was only over 73 million yuan.
After the 1990s, some basic old enterprises, due to institutional and management reasons, not only did not have greater development, but also scaled down and lost money for years. And some joint-stock enterprises and private enterprises. But it continues to expand and develop. Foshan Electrical and Lighting Co., Ltd. is the first joint-stock pilot enterprise in Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and one of the six listed companies in the national lighting industry. Its predecessor, Foshan Light Bulb Factory, is a state-owned enterprise. The company was founded in 1958. In October 1992, it was reorganized into a targeted shareholding company. In November 1993, it was approved to issue A shares. In August 1995, it issued B shares to overseas investors. The company ranks among the best in the industry in terms of its main business income, total profit and tax and export earnings. The company has more than 7,500 employees and 200 technicians. In 1999, the company enjoyed the right to operate import and export, and 40% of its products were exported to 20 countries and regions such as Europe, America and Hong Kong.
After the reform and opening up, Guangdong lighting equipment industry has flourished in the past 20 years. Not only has the industrial scale expanded by nearly 300 times, but the main reason is that the technical content of the lamp has been greatly improved, and the art of the lamp has changed a lot. If the art of metal lamps in the Han Dynasty was the heyday of the history of ancient lamps and lanterns, then, in the 1980s and 1990s, it was an epoch-making change in the history of Guangdong lighting equipment manufacturing industry since the appearance of electric light source lighting: The development of the lighting equipment industry has entered an unprecedented development climax. From the requirements of basic lighting to the artistic lighting, the social lighting is moving towards the new trend of modern lighting in the world.
After nearly 20 years of development, Guangdong Lighting Appliance Industry has cultivated several branches of industry. Such as lamp holder lamp industry, lighting electrical accessories industry, special metal materials industry for lamps, metal, glass, plastic parts industry for lamps, electric light source industry. The lighting equipment industry, together with these branch industrial groups, constitutes a large department of the lighting and electrical industry, which is included in the statistics of the lighting industry in the national statistics. By the year 2000, there were about 6,000 lighting electrical appliances enterprises in China, but Guangdong accounted for more than 3,000. Sitting on the half of the national lighting industry.
Guzhen Town Lighting Industry
The beginning of the lighting industry in Guzhen Town was in the early 1980s, a town-run enterprise that produced the youth brand hot cup. After discovering the market demand for table lamps, it began to organize the production of table lamps. Another four brick mills saw the success of the production and sales of table lamps, so they immediately produced special lamps and changed their names to special-shaped lamps. These two companies have successively opened the curtain of the production of lighting in Guzhen.
In 1986, the town government to support the development of private lighting and lighting industry, formulate a policy to support private enterprise loans, stipulate that individuals with loans below 50,000 yuan can apply directly, and loans of more than 50,000 yuan are guaranteed by the town government. As soon as the policy was introduced, it immediately set off a wave of running factories and operating in the ancient town. During this period, a group of highly educated and courageous high school graduates stood out and invested in the torrent of loans to set up factories and operate, which played a significant role in the development of the lighting industry in Guzhen. Huayi Lighting Group District Bingwen and other three shareholders invested 50,000 (rented a few square meters of factory buildings) to start an individual lighting factory. At the beginning of the factory, there were less than 10 people in the whole factory. Everyone in the whole factory was diligent and hardworking. The products were marketable and the supply was in short supply. The profits were very considerable. After four years of hard work, it has laid a solid foundation for the development of Huayi Group.
After 1991, Guzhen Town of Zhongshan City raised 650 million yuan for infrastructure construction in transportation, communication, water supply and power supply, and invested 120 million yuan to build a 180-square-meter factory building and product showroom. In addition, the town council of the town also adopted preferential policies to develop new planning areas, attracting enterprises to build factories and build lighting fixtures in new development zones.
In order to expand the influence of ancient town lighting, in October 1999, Guzhen held the first Guzhen Lighting Fair, attracting more than 500 merchants and guests from more than 30 countries and regions including the United States, Japan, Germany, and more than 40 American guests. The name, as well as officials from 13 consulates in Thailand, including Thailand, also attended the opening ceremony.
There are 3 exhibition venues in the Expo, with a total of 1388 booths and 5,430 kinds of lamps and lanterns. It is the only event in the national light show.
With the support of the provincial and municipal and science and technology departments, Guzhen Town has enhanced the scientific and technological competitiveness of the company with the promotion effect of the 99 China (Guzhen) International Lighting Fair, and cooperated with the Shanghai Fudan University Light Source Research Institute to establish the Zhongshan Lighting Engineering Technology Research Center. Promote technical innovation in professional towns.
In terms of product quality supervision, a quality supervision working group was set up to establish a national quality standard file; a product quality inspection station was established, a complete inspection system was established, and a well-equipped testing method was established to promote the quality of ancient town lamp decoration products to a new level. .
In 2000, the ancient town gathered a variety of high-grade crystal lighting and various functional lamps. There are thousands of varieties and styles, and it is known as the world's most decorated lighting center.
The annual sales of lighting, lamps and accessories in Guzhen accounted for 46% of the national lighting market. The products are not only sold throughout the country, but also exported to North America, Europe, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, with an annual output value of 1.6 billion yuan.
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