[The United States has made more damages, and the Chinese chip has been hit again! On May 4, Bloomberg News stated that the U.S. side put forward a series of demands on the Sino-U.S. trade negotiations, but it has not obtained the consent of the Chinese side.
On the same day, the "Wall Street Journal" reported that: According to informed sources, China will approve the formation of a joint venture between Qualcomm and a subsidiary of state-owned Datang Telecom. The joint venture will directly compete with Ziguang Zengrui.
A year later, this once-initiated joint venture program that triggered angry anger and was considered dead was once again "recurring." Subsequently, Datang Telecom’s announcement formally confirmed this news!
Following the customs and ZTE incident, the game between China and the United States is proceeding in a secret but more intense way. In this process, both parties will make concessions to achieve a new dynamic balance.
Previously, ZTE was considered as a victim of trade conflicts. Now, Ziguang has become a second company that has been “sacrificedâ€.
As far as the long-term development of the chip industry is concerned, if Ziguang Zengrui “dedicates its lifeâ€, its loss will surpass ZTE.
The resurgence of Qualcomm's joint ventures has surprised many people.
As early as May of last year, Qualcomm (China), Jianguang Assets, and Lianxin Technology (Datang Telecom) jointly announced that they will establish JLQ Technology, a joint venture company, to focus on smart phone chips in the Chinese market.
When the news came out, the industry was upset. Because, to some extent, this is a blow to the Chinese mobile phone chip industry.
The disclosed information shows that the joint venture is only authorized for low-end Xiaolong products and becomes an agent for Qualcomm's low-end chip market in China. And, in addition to the share proceeds, Qualcomm will also charge the joint venture's authorization fee.
For Qualcomm and the Chinese market, the low-end Opteron chip is optional. In 2016, the shipment of Xiaolong 200 accounted for only 15%. Due to the “high-pass tax†and other price factors, its low-end series had no competitiveness in the Chinese market and almost completely withdrawn.
Qualcomm has always supported its profits through high-end products. Due to the irreplaceability of products, Qualcomm set a fairly unreasonable patent licensing fee. Its standard is not based on the unit price of mobile phone chips, but is based on the price of the whole device - even if There are no patents for Qualcomm in other components, and it is also necessary to pay royalties to Qualcomm. This is the industry's famous "high-pass tax." It is worth noting that two-thirds of Qualcomm's revenue comes from China.
The product is so tasteless, but the joint venture three parties attaches great importance to this company based on low-end.
Datang Telecom, one of the Chinese investors, was the initiator of the domestic 3G standard TD-SCDMA and the 4G standard TD-LTE. However, after a storm, the development of the group was very difficult.
Datang's Lianxin Technology once had a brief cooperation with Xiaomi, but as Xiaomi selected Qualcomm and independently developed mobile phone chips, Datang Telecom ushered in an avalanche in 2016 with a loss of 1.775 billion. In 2017, the group had a huge loss of 2.649 billion yuan, a loss of 150 million yuan in the first quarter of 2018, and remained in the ranks of ST shares.
On March 2 this year, Datang released the announcement that the company's stock may be issued a warning for the second time when it was released. On April 26, Datang Telecom announced the suspension of trading.
Under such circumstances, the negative assets (Lianxin Science and Technology), which had lost years in the hands of the company, became hundreds of millions of dollars worth of valuations through joint ventures. It seems to be perfect for Datang, but it is nothing but drinking.
Even in 2018, Datang can rely on financial technology to turn losses into losses. What should be done in 2019? Without the huge defects of the main products, Datang suffered numerous criticisms for relying on joint ventures that may threaten the entire industry to seek short-term profits.
Another Chinese capital, Jianguang Capital, is said to have a mysterious background.
Compared to the two Chinese companies, Qualcomm’s direct benefits are not the largest, but they are psychologically more urgent.
As an industry hegemony, Qualcomm flies in the past two years.
In the fourth quarter of 2017, Qualcomm’s net profit was only US$200 million, a year-on-year drop of 89%. Throughout the 2017 fiscal year, Qualcomm’s revenue was US$22.3 billion, which fell more than 5% for two consecutive years. Its annual net profit was US$2.5 billion, a 56% drop from the US$5.7 billion in FY2016.
Qualcomm's problems are almost ubiquitous: smart phone chips are facing an inflection point and the growth rate is slowing down; Apple has introduced Intel's baseband and refused to pay royalties; Samsung, Huawei, Xiaomi and other companies have developed their own chips; AR+AI's IP embedding is in full swing. But Qualcomm is almost unprepared...
Even more deadly, those opponents who have emerged from the end of the last minute and once looked up at Qualcomm, not only tenaciously occupied the market segments, but also demonstrated the "ambitions" that came after them.
Among them, the biggest threat is the development of purple light.
Ziguang Zengrui, which was formed by the merger of Spreadtrum Communications and RDA, is the largest mobile phone chip design company in China and the third largest in the world. It also competes with Qualcomm and MediaTek.
The rise of Zhan Rui is one of the major events in China's semiconductor industry. In 2013, Ziguang successively acquired Spreadtrum Communications and RDA, and in the following five years, the Group made repeated innovations in the “Core Cloud†area and became China’s largest integrated chip group. Zhao Weiguo, Chairman of the Group, is also considered to be a representative figure in China's semiconductor industry.
Zeng Rui provides a textbook-style template for the Chinese semiconductor industry, the most important of which is to form an effective cycle in the market and scientific research.
From 2013 to 2015, Zhanrui devoted itself to the development of low-end and mid-range mobile phone chips, with no mention of "high-end" targets.
In this field, they quickly achieved the industry's highest market share with their services and cost performance far beyond their peers. In 2015, the sales volume of Zeng Rui's mobile phone chips reached 630 million units, of which the low-end 2G chips reached 300 million units, surpassing MediaTek in the low-end smartphone market.
The strategy of Zeng Ruishi is to stabilize the low-end market and continue to invest the money earned in high-end research and development. Above this basic disk, they also invested billions of funds and undertook a large number of national strategic-level innovations, including core technologies such as TD-LTE, Beidou navigation, domestic passwords, and self-embedded CPUs.
At the same time as Zhanrui’s big-mouthed, low-end market, the mid- to high-end market is facing an unprecedented annihilation, and once out of reach, Texas Instruments, Broadcom, Freescale and other companies have retreated. In 2016, Intel officially announced its withdrawal from the mobile phone chip field.
In the face of fierce market competition and changes, Zengrui took a hard line, and in less than three years, it quickly transformed into a chip design company with a comprehensive product line and an intercontinental market. More importantly, after three years of hard work and catch-up, they have the ability to chase higher-level markets.
In the second half of 2016, Zhanlei led MediaTek to release mobile phone chips supporting LTE Cat7 technology and won orders from China Mobile;
In the third quarter, they released the world's first 4G-functional machine chip SC9820;
In 2017, Zhan Rui cooperated with Intel to develop the SC9861G with 14nm process. The industry generally believes that the level is equivalent to TSMC's 10nm process;
In August of this year, Zhanrui directly presented the SC9853I and SC9850, which represent the highest level of the midrange chip in the world. These two products can meet almost all needs of the current intelligent terminal, including dual camera, 3D modeling, AR functions, etc... ...
With heavy punches, Zeng Rui’s flaws were unobstructed. At the same time they released two chips, they announced new progress and goals: they have entered the 7nm lead technology R&D stage, and the 5G era will not lag behind Qualcomm, 5-10 During the year, it will be able to make the first shipment in the industry.
"In the 2G era, Zhanrui was 10 years behind Qualcomm, 3G was 5 years behind, and LTE4G was 2 years behind. In 5G, this gap will be one month, one day, or even one second."
Whether it is the current scale, level, or potential presented, this enterprise can be regarded as the greatest hope in the Chinese industry.
For domestic consumers, the easier and more understandable logic is that each customer’s mobile phone can be a few hundred dollars cheaper by the presence of Zhan Rui.
The “hundreds†of data comes from comparisons of memory chips. As the memory chips are completely dependent on imports, many industries in China have been stunned by Samsung and Hynix.
Over the past three years, the price of memory chips has risen sharply, and Samsung has used this to regulate Apple and become the world’s most profitable technology company. In fiscal 2017, Samsung’s semiconductor-only business unit’s revenue exceeded Intel’s overall revenue. Operating profit is almost equal to Apple's overall profit.
Samsung Sea earned, the price of domestic brand mobile phones had to continue to rise. Consumers who complain about this will be anger toward mobile phone manufacturers, but in fact, the profits are into the pockets of Samsung, Hynix, and Micron.
Attacking high-end chips, leaving more profits in China and leaving them to Chinese consumers is a clear and visible goal.
Because of this goal, they crashed into Suntech.
For Qualcomm, the best way to thwart and sharpen is to prevent it from growing in the low-end market and completely cut off its nutrients. The emergence of the joint venture Shengsheng Technology has given Qualcomm a hundred possibilities for flexible development.
The entire joint venture company, Qualcomm only invested 720 million yuan, accounting for 24% of shares. What it needs to do is to output its own low-end series that it does not need at all. It is not necessary to worry about the specific operations, receive royalties and increase profits.
At the same time as disrupting the market, this joint venture model also left many trails for Qualcomm.
Zengrui is based on the cost-effective roster in the low-end, the core fear is the price war. If the two sides play a one-billion-dollar price war, Qualcomm will only have to bear a maximum of 2.4 billion. At the same time, it will also use money from patents and authorizations to recover money from joint venture companies. And these expenditures are likely to hit harder and strive harder for technical development.
Once the exhibition is sharply collapsed, it will inevitably be for China’s communications industry and global consumers to pay for the profits of multinational companies.
Therefore, in May last year, the joint venture company’s plan was just disclosed, and the industry rushed to criticize it, saying that the purpose of Qualcomm was directed at Zeng Rui, and that it was equal to the half life of a Chinese mobile phone chip.
In the case of Qualcomm, the arrest of Zengrui can be described as human. However, the implementation of the plan through joint efforts with Chinese companies is truly horrific.
After the incident was announced, Ye Tianchun, director of the Institute of Electronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, spoke in a circle of friends: “The joint venture positioning is actually low-end, which is to lead the wolf into the room and disrupt it. The target is probably not MediaTek but the exhibition news. The state-owned capital should not do this. â€
"People's Daily" also immediately commented on this - "independent innovation and writing "core" era, bluntly "this use of technology cooperation to release low-end technology, based on the low-end chip industry, strive to move toward the high-end China's autonomy Chip companies may have a huge impact."
A stone provokes a thousand waves, and those who read “inside†are indignant. In a related report by a Chinese businessman, a reader said in a message: “If this is a private enterprise that is collaborating with Qualcomm, I believe there will be no controversy. Can Datang and Lianxin Technology be an identity? State-owned enterprises! With domestic policies and financial support, they are doing their best to help foreign capital to crack down on China's communications chip industry. From the perspective of state-owned capital, this is a serious lack of an overall view."
The emotions occupied the overwhelming majority. Soon, public opinion pointed the finger at the Chinese side and all kinds of news and titles came to an end: Meng Tong, chairman of Qualcomm China, was called “Good Compradorâ€; Jian Guang’s actual controller, Li Li Bin, allegedly has a "deep background" (pure citation, unconfirmed), and together with Datang Fang won the "Emperor Army" and "lead road party" name.
The news from various parties also indicated that the joint venture was inextricably linked to the NXP acquisitions — Jianguang Capital had acquired some of NXP’s assets and Qualcomm was planning to take over NXP’s entire position.
Public opinion attacked fiercely, contrary to the expectations of the joint venture party. Under the suspicion of one wave and pressure from public opinion, the news of Weisheng Technology gradually became flat and disappeared completely.
However, when the industry thought that the plan had come to an end, it came back again.
As China's largest integrated chip group, behind the honors, Ziguang also tried the Chinese chip backwards beaten, was surrounded by the pain of chase.
Because of reasons including “politics,†Ziguang’s plan to invest in shares and acquire Micron has been halted, and investment in Western Digital has been terminated in the final stage by CFIUS (United States Foreign Investment Committee). When Toshiba sold its storage business, the Japanese government made a direct call. If sold to Chinese capital, the transaction would be terminated.
One party is willing to buy, one is willing to sell, and the sale and purchase are not completed. Chinese companies fully understand the “free market economyâ€:
From Batumi to the Wassenaar Agreement, member states have never slackened their efforts in suppressing the semiconductor industry in China. Not only did they create so-called spy cases every two or two years and vilify China’s semiconductor industry, they also banned equipment sales. Controlling prices and prohibiting Chinese people from participating in core R&D have erected numerous barriers.
At the end of 2016, the report of the US Presidential Committee publicly stated that it was necessary to “suppress the so-called innovation in the Chinese semiconductor industry.†“The global semiconductor market has never been a completely competitive market.†“The policy makers should make some responses to ensure the domestic industry†"The United States also needs to adjust its homeland security related agreements to prevent possible security threats from China."
Related reports said that the behind-the-scenes facilitator of this report is the highest person in charge of companies such as Qualcomm.
If Junsheng Technology is really concerned as the industry generally fears, it will become a killer for Qualcomm to strangle Ziguang Zengrui. This means that the purple light is not only blocked by overseas, but it is also being chased and killed by others. The leader of the company is its own person or a state-owned enterprise. To make this ridiculous story come true, to grow sharply, and even to the entire Ziguang Group, it is no different than taking the lead.
Before this, in China, Ziguang also faced great pressure.
At the time of the acquisition of Spreadtrum and RDA, it was questioned: With such a large sum of money, what is the significance of acquiring a single company (mainly 2G and 3GTD-SCDMA)? Qualcomm's 4G products are already very mature. Spreadtrum has also strangled the 2G market. How great can it be?
Recently, ZTE was sanctioned and Huawei was investigated. The weak "China Core" triggered hot public opinion and gave rise to many pessimistic and even panic emotions.
But in fact, as far as the chip industry is concerned, we are indeed in crisis all the time, but we also have a great chance.
Chips are high-investment, long-period heavy asset projects. This is precisely the advantage of Chinese companies and institutions.
The chip process has been approaching the physical limit; a large number of talents have returned; the development of the Internet of Things, AI, cloud computing servers and other fields has provided new space for the chip; the emergence of photonic chips, microchips and other technologies have provided for the domestic industry. The possibility of passing over the curve...
But the key to this overtaking is to rely on yourself.
From big planes to cars, we expect foreign companies to help themselves master the loss of their core competitiveness, but they eat a lot. In the end, Haosheng Technology is Qualcomm's dedication to helping China develop the chip industry. Or is it that we are bringing wolves into the room to lift up a rock to get our feet?
But be careful.
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