In the world energy crisis of the 1970s, the Japanese Ministry of Finance had asked for interval lighting tests on factories, offices and roads, resulting in lower productivity and office efficiency, as well as a significant increase in security and road traffic accidents, less than a year ago. Just gave up in a piece of opposition. Obviously, this negative power saving is not advisable. This concept is scientific and reasonable in terms of ensuring lighting effects. This is one of the design ideas of road lighting systems in developed countries.
First, the status quo of China's street lighting
According to the survey, after 9:00 in the small cities of China, the big and medium-sized cities are almost empty on the road after midnight, even in the bustling cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Pedestrians, vehicles. From this time until the 6 o'clock in the morning, the street lights are extinguished, and it is obviously unnecessary to maintain a high illumination on the road with low traffic flow. Urban public lighting accounts for 30% of China's lighting power consumption, about 43.9 billion kWh, calculated at an average electricity price of 0.65 yuan / kWh, and annual expenditure of 28.5 billion yuan.
Today, when the municipal expenses are extremely tight, most cities and regions in China have almost adopted the method of saving money by turning off the lights of the street lamps abandoned by Japan and other countries in the 1970s. The drawbacks are self-evident- - Not only caused uneven distribution of road illumination, but also buried hidden dangers to public security and traffic safety, and could not avoid the loss of street lamp life in the middle of the night. Therefore, it cannot be called energy saving in the true sense. Today, when developed countries are discussing what is the right level of illumination, our control method is too backward.
Since the 1990s, the construction of night lighting has become an important part of the construction of urban municipal facilities. The localities have also achieved corresponding results, but the general tensions in municipal expenses and the addition of night lighting have formed a great contradiction. Taking an open city in the coastal area as an example, a large number of street lamps were forced by financial stress after installation. They could not afford the heavy lighting and electricity expenses, and had to turn off nearly half of the lights. As a result, some of the newly installed street lamps were in the same shape in recent years, resulting in Waste in disguise.
How to make the street light shine, let the city light up, brighten the science, save energy and save money? The answer is: use intelligent light source to step down a voltage regulator and dimming technology.
Second, intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology
1. What is the intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology
Intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology is an internationally popular all-digital intelligent street lamp energy-saving control technology. It fully considers the actual situation of urban road lighting. According to the visual theory in ergonomics, it adopts the optimal control method in modern cybernetics to realize the dynamic intelligent management of street lamp voltage and illuminance, namely TPO management (TIME/ PLACE/OCCASION). The basic idea of ​​this technology is to control the street lights to maintain a strong illumination during busy hours, close to midnight, and start automatic dimming. In the latter half of the night, when the car is scarce, control the street lights to maintain lower illumination (similar to the room). The dimmer of the lamp can be arbitrarily dimmed as needed). Its main advantage is that it greatly reduces power consumption while dimming, saving more than 30% of active power consumption.
Room lamp dimming has been popular for many years, mainly because the indoor lamp power is small and easy to implement. The road lighting is completely different: first, the lamp power is large and difficult to control; secondly, the use environment is harsh. In the 1990s, the power electronic component technology has developed by leaps and bounds, and the dimming technology has reliable quality assurance. The scale application, its perfect dimming effect and power-saving function have been unanimously recognized. In Germany, the United States, such power-consuming countries, such technology has also been strongly supported and promoted by the government.
The control process of the intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology is: by measuring the time and vehicle (person) statistics of urban road vehicles and pedestrians, obtaining the corresponding illuminance adjustment rate, and designing the computer control program accordingly. According to the illuminance adjustment rate, from a certain moment, the street lamp input voltage is dynamically adjusted to achieve the best match between the street lamp input electric power and the actual illuminance requirement, which not only saves energy, but also stabilizes the voltage and prolongs the service life of the street lamp. , achieved energy savings in a dual sense.
2. Turning on the lights is more economical than turning off the lights.
The aforementioned energy-saving method for turning off the lights is at the cost of sacrificing urban lighting and inducing crime rates and rising traffic accidents, while the energy-saving rate achieved by the intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology is higher than 30%. In terms of the use of intelligent light source buck-regulation-dimming technology, turning on the lights is more economical than turning off the lights.
3. Count an invisible account
More than 70% of the existing street lamps in China use high-pressure sodium lamps, and their design life is 24,000 hours (5 years). However, due to the backwardness of China's urban power grid technology, the voltage fluctuation of the line greatly exceeds the international standard. The fluctuation of many areas even exceeds ±15% of the rated voltage. Especially in the latter half of the night, the grid voltage sometimes approaches 245V due to the reduction of the electrical load, resulting in street lights. The actual life of the bulb is less than one year on average. Now, you can count such an account: Take an open city in the coastal area as an example. The street lamp needs to be replaced once a year. The cost of replacing a light bulb (including ballast loss, labor, vehicles, etc.) is 120 yuan. More than 20,000 normally-opened street lights cost more than two million yuan per year to replace street light bulbs. If smart light source buck-regulated dimming technology is used, the service life of street light bulbs can be doubled. Only this one can save more than two million yuan in one year, plus 30% of electricity saving, saving more than seven million yuan in electricity costs a year, and the sum of the two is nearly ten million yuan. If 4.5 million yuan is used as the initial investment, the savings saved within half a year can be recovered, and the funds saved annually can be reinvested in municipal construction.
According to the incomplete statistics obtained at the ninth annual meeting of the National Road Lighting Professional Committee in 1999, the total number of lights for road lighting in all cities in China is about 3 million (sets), industrial and mining enterprises, stations, machine-taste terminals, and highways. There are about 1 million non-municipal lighting fixtures (sets), totaling more than 4 million, and increasing by more than 10% annually. If this technology is adopted in time, it can only be calculated from the three aspects of saving electricity, reducing light bulb loss and labor expenses. In five years, it can save the country nearly 10 billion yuan, and it can build three small power plants with a capacity of 1.2 million kW. Saved a lot of raw coal.
For the total electricity consumption in the country, road lighting only accounts for a small percentage, which is why it is likely to become a breakthrough in promoting energy-saving sports. Starting from the road lighting, it took two or three years to explore a set of commercial operation modes in line with China's national conditions, and then comprehensively promoted in all walks of life across the country. Of course, this requires the government to make great determination and make great efforts to promote it.
4. Intelligent light source buck, a voltage regulator, and the promotion of dimming technology is urgently needed by the government.
Street lamp energy saving will undoubtedly save a lot of money for municipal expenses. However, for the street lamp management department, their daily expenses and regular maintenance costs are directly proportional to the street lamp power consumption and installation quantity. The more electricity consumption, the next year The cost will increase year-on-year. It can also be said that the more electricity is saved, the less the budget for the next year is. Therefore, the street lighting management department has a negative attitude towards most energy-saving projects. This phenomenon reflects that the energy conservation policy does not match the current system and the distribution mechanism of interest in the specific operation. At present, the policies implemented in various places are actually encouraging waste! There is a great relationship between the long-term interests of the whole country and the short-term interests of the departments. Contradictions. This situation has generated considerable resistance to the in-depth development of energy conservation work.
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