A Hall sensor is a sensor that detects a magnetic field and can be used to detect the presence and change of a magnetic field.
Principle When an energized conductor is placed in a magnetic field, a voltage is generated across the sides of the conductor. This phenomenon is known as the Hall effect.
First, the current I in the direction of the conductor (z-axis direction) is applied to the conductor, and then the magnetic field B is applied in the direction perpendicular to the current (y-axis direction), and a voltage UH is generated on both sides of the conductor (in the x-axis direction), UH is called Hall voltage.
The metal conductor has a Hall effect, but its sensitivity is low, the resulting Hall voltage is very low, and it is not suitable for the Hall element. The Hall element is generally made of a semiconductor material (the most common type of indium antimonide), and its structure is as shown in the figure, which is composed of a substrate, a cross-shaped semiconductor material, electrode leads, and a magnetic body tip. Among the four end leads of the crucible indium antimonide material, 1, 2 are current pins, and 3 and 4 are voltage pins. The function of the magnetic body tip is to collect the magnetic field magnetic line to improve the sensitivity of the element.
Since the voltage generated by the Hall element is small, the Hall element is usually integrated with an amplifying circuit, a temperature compensating circuit, and a regulated power supply on a chip, which is called a Hall sensor.
The switch-type Hall sensor has the characteristics that the output voltage will be level-shifted when the magnetic induction intensity reaches a certain intensity, and is mainly used for measuring the number of revolutions, the rotational speed, the wind speed, the flow rate (outdoor intelligent measurement), or the proximity switch, the door magnet, Alarms and automatic control circuits (indoor doors and windows).
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