DV is a comprehensive test report. From the design verification, PV is some test verification after the product has been formed. It will not consider any mold flow analysis, and only relevant tests will be carried out from the failure of product use.
Distinguish between DV and PV testsSerial number test item test type
1 Basic performance test PV
2 odor requirements DV
3 Light fastness requirements DV
4 flame retardant requirements DV
5 formaldehyde content DV
6 Organics emit DV
7 Condensed component DV
8 heat resistance PV
9 Overvoltage protection capability PV
10 reverse voltage protection capability PV
11 insulation performance PV
12 visor sliding force PV
13 visor durability PV
14 temperature alternating PV
15 storage test PV
16 Humidity alternating PV
17 high and low temperature test PV
18 Durability PV
19 noise test PV
20 harness connector insertion force PV
21 drainage PV
22 Rain test PV
DV test and PV test
Auto parts are divided into two categories from design attribution: 1. parts designed by the main engine; 2. parts designed by the supplier;
The DFMEA design failure mode analysis and DVP design verification plan for the components designed by the OEM are written by the OEM engineers.
Supplier-designed components are often referred to as black boxes, and DFMEA design failure mode analysis and DVP design verification programs are written by vendors.
There are various system level and component level design specifications and test methods at the OEM. There are specific test method requirements, test equipment requirements and test times requirements in the test method.
Suppliers' various test specifications and test method requirements are usually not sent directly to the OEM. In particular, international suppliers are DFMEAs that can only be seen by suppliers. For example, I used to see Bosch's DFMEA and even only go to the German headquarters. Look, can't take pictures.
The test is divided into DV and PV. The DV is designed and verified by DesignVerificaTIon. In this case, it can be a manual part or a mold part. PV is ProductVerificaTIon product validation, must be a mold part, and produce parts from the supplier's quantity on the production line. After the PV parts are completed, the PPAP audit is completed, and the production is qualified for mass production.
Test requirements are generally broken down by the demand for the product, which is common to both the vehicle and the components. The requirements here include market expectations, national laws and regulations, user needs, and so on.
In terms of vehicle, China has a mandatory inspection standard for passenger cars, which is about 40 items. For vehicles that can be sold in the market, these tests must be passed. You can also go to Baidu. I won’t talk about it here. Individual manufacturers will also make other requirements for the product, such as noise, vibration, etc., so these experiments are also inevitable.
The tests are also divided into development tests and batch approval tests depending on the project phase. The two may overlap, but they are not identical and the purpose is different.
In terms of components, the test items, methods and indicators are slightly different depending on the location, the environment, the functional requirements and the life requirements. For each part of the car, there will be a list of test items after analysis of the requirements, standards (national standards, industry standards and enterprise standards). Below I try to give examples of several aspects:
1, car exterior, the following only use the bumper as an example to try to analyze :
a. In terms of function, the car bumper is a safety device that absorbs and mitigates external impact and protects the front and rear of the body. For this component country, there are requirements for vehicle passing performance, pedestrian protection, and external protrusions. These requirements determine the shape and material requirements of the bumper. These requirements require verification of the strength, toughness, and assembly collisions. However, the duration of these tests is generally short and common in the development phase.
b. Because the bumper is located outside the vehicle, it is exposed to sunlight, sand erosion, stone strike, temperature and humidity changes, so it needs to be durable, weather resistant, stone strike similar to sunlight radiation, damp heat or dry climate. Tests in other aspects. Endurance tests are generally planned based on life requirements.
c. Because of the complexity of the road environment, the inevitable vibration of the car will be affected by the vibration. These effects will affect the two aspects. One is the structural strength of the part, and the other is the connection strength of the part. Connection strength refers to the way parts are fixed to the body, such as the feet, bolts, inlays and pastes.
2, interior parts, such as the instrument panel, only refers to the plastic part, does not involve the instrument display and other components .
a. In terms of function, the instrument panel mainly undertakes the function of decoration and the base of other parts. Therefore, the color requirements of the parts, especially the color change under the influence of the environment for a long time, are particularly important, of course, this is also the same as the product. The defined life span has a considerable relationship. Because of the connection and connection with the body
b. Although the interior parts are inside the vehicle, they are still affected by light, temperature change and even humidity changes (individual enterprises will also include mildew in the test project), so the interior parts should also be defined according to the life requirements and The environment is subject to temperature and humidity changes, light radiation and other tests. However, because the time and intensity of sunlight in the interior parts of the car are different, the test indicators are different. Most of them are divided into three zones, direct, indirect and complete. The situation (sometimes related to the color of the window).
c. Unlike the exterior decoration, since the interior environment is the environment in which people are exposed for a long time, and the plastic parts may introduce toxic and harmful emission gas during the raw material or molding process, the interior parts also need to be, for example, formaldehyde. Total carbon, condensation, odor, etc. Among them, if I remember correctly, the condensation is the result that the emission of the interior parts will be deposited on the window, causing the window to be blurred; the odor test is a test conducted by an individual manufacturer, and the national standard temporarily does not require this, but It seems to have a consultation.
d. In addition, the interior parts have requirements for the burning properties of the materials. In short, do not burn too fast.
3, electrical and electronic categories, this classification is more complex, there are electronic components such as engine controllers, there are also comfortable components such as navigation or CD players, in addition to the entire vehicle wiring harness and headlights.
a, ECU, engine controller This part is too complicated, my primary school student can only be heard. First of all, for the function, the performance of the whole engine (power, emissions, etc.) is controlled by it, then all the engine bench tests are basically carried out for the program in the ECU, which is its speciality, in addition, because of its installation The positional relationship may receive large vibrations and the ambient temperature is high (around the engine), which also affects the stability of its components and the stability of the installation. Therefore, vibration may be special at different temperatures. attention.
b. Navigation, because of the operations required by navigation and the relationship between the screens, developers may test the performance of their screens, etc., but these are basically in the scope of development experiments, so that developers can determine their models.
c. The function of the vehicle wiring harness is to provide energy and transmit signals. For energy, for example, energy consumption, or voltage drop is a matter of concern. For signal transmission, reducing external interference is a top priority. In addition, the molded case in the wire harness is a plastic part, which requires flame retardancy or even non-combustibility.
d. The above is the test focus of some special products, mainly for some tests on functions and characteristics. In addition, there are some test requirements that are basically followed by electronic devices: electrical and electronic tests and evil EMC. Let's talk about electrical and electronic aspects, because the vehicle power supply has different changes in different stages (automobile start, idle speed, normal operation), individual components will be affected by the AC changes caused by the generator, and other related loads may also occur. Changes, in these changes, the parts require normal operation or normal reset (determined according to functional requirements), so there will be some jump start, long time high pressure, long time low pressure, load rejection, AC influence, load dump Other aspects of the test content.
e,
In addition, EMC, Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC (Electro Magne TIcCompaTIbility) refers to the ability of a device or system to operate in its electromagnetic environment and not tolerate electromagnetic interference to any device in its environment. Therefore, EMC includes two requirements: on the one hand, the electromagnetic interference generated by the equipment in the normal operation process cannot exceed a certain limit; on the other hand, the appliance has certain electromagnetic interference in the environment. The degree of immunity, ie electromagnetic sensitivity. (quoted from Baidu), the EMC test includes tests to prevent interference with other parts and to prevent interference from other parts. For details, refer to the standard GB/T4365-1995 (electromagnetic compatibility terminology), CISPR and other standards.
Yes, there are dustproof and waterproof.
In addition, because all products can not escape the word material, such as the plastic of the exterior or interior parts, the wire harness, the outer casing of the electronic device and the pins. Therefore, after the design department defines the requirements of the materials, all materials also need to pass the material test, such as strength, toughness, thermal deformation and so on. For the design of metal parts (such as the body, single-chip microcomputer), anti-corrosion test is also necessary, mostly using neutral salt spray or acid salt spray accelerated test.
Regarding the storage of products, there are also some test standards for transportation, which always covers the entire process of the product.
The above is just a description of some common tests. In fact, every part has its own test standards, but it may be from function (demand), durability (life), environment (temperature, humidity, light, vibration, electromagnetic, people), etc. Aspect analysis and induction.
Question 2, the number of tests or expansion, how the test duration is derived, as far as I know there are two ways:
a. Starting from practice, many enterprises' enterprise standards are based on their experience. In the development process of their company for decades or even hundreds of years, they will certainly encounter various problems, and manufacturers will also rely on these problems. Some data determine the test criteria for the product afterwards, which is also the core of a company.
b. Theoretical calculations. For a simple example, one switch will switch once a day, then 365 times a year, and 365*3 times in 3 years. Of course, this data will not be so simple, and it will definitely be incorporated into the experience correction.
In addition, there are some theories about the life or weather resistance of products, such as the life-stress curve of metal fatigue, such as accelerated life test (using the method of increasing stress to cause the sample to fail in the short term to predict under normal working conditions or storage conditions) Reliability), there are different functions for different influence effects on the product, such as the Arrhenius model of the acceleration variable with temperature as the variable,
dM/dt=Ae^(-E0/kT)
Where dM/dt is the chemical reaction rate, A is a constant, Ea is the activation energy causing the failure or degradation process, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the absolute temperature. It is possible to determine the duration of the temperature test in conjunction with the full factor test method.
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