First, the basic principles of component selection
a. The principle of universality:
The selected components must be widely used, verified, and minimize the use of unpopular and partial gated chips to reduce development risk.
b. Cost-effective principle:
In the case of similar functions, performance, and usage rates, try to select the components with better prices and reduce costs.
c. Procurement convenience principle:
Try to choose the components that are easy to buy and have a short lead time.
d. The principle of sustainable development:
Try to choose components that will not be discontinued for the foreseeable time.
e, alternative principles:
Try to choose the pin to pin compatible chip brand more components.
f, upward compatibility principle:
Try to choose the components used in previous old products.
g, resource conservation principles:
Try to use all the features and pins of the components.
The chip selection process is a trade-off for each dimension.
Second, the whole process focuses on the chip properties
1. When selecting a type, we need to consider the situation of trial production and consider the situation in mass production at the same time.
Small batch purchase price, delivery cycle, sample application; at the same time need attention, large quantities after the price and lead time. It is possible that after the batch becomes large, there is no advantage in the supply price, or after the batch is large, the production capacity is insufficient.
In addition, according to their actual procurement situation, find the corresponding supplier of the magnitude. For example, the original factory is often not directly supplied, and it needs to pass through the agents. Some agents are required to have supply quantities.
At the same time, because the entire industry is not using a lot of scenes for this chip, Taobao's price is very expensive and there is no way to accept it. At the same time, there are friends who do chip sales because they are used by a large number of drone manufacturers, causing some people to fry the price of this chip, which makes it difficult to buy.
2. Focus on the match between the device's life cycle and the product's life cycle
For communications equipment, we generally require that the devices we use have a lifecycle of more than 5 years, and follow-up complete product development roadmaps.
For example, it was a new hardware platform used at the time, and when the product was planned, it was used as a mature platform to replace the volume of millions of single-board shipments. Due to the long switching period, new products will gradually increase in volume after 1 to 2 years after completion of development. One of the DSP boards, peripheral storage is SDRAM. At the time of product preparation, Magnesium and other major memory chip manufacturers announced the suspension of production. As a result, the product has just been on the market, and it has stockpiled a large number of chips, and it is looking for small factories in Taiwan to replace the devices.
Therefore, when the device is selected, it fully embodies that “nothing has to worry about.â€
3, in addition to considering the functional and laboratory environment, also need to consider the entire life cycle scene
Third, the specific selection, processor selection
To select a processor, there are many factors to consider, not only pure hardware interfaces, but also need to consider the relevant operating system, supporting development tools, simulators, as well as the experience and software support of the engineer's microprocessor, etc. .
Considerations for the selection of embedded microprocessors
In the product development, the microprocessor of the core chip has high expectations for its own function, performance, and reliability because it has richer resources and stronger self-contained functions, and the shorter the product development cycle, the success rate of the project. The higher. However, any microprocessor can not be perfect and meet the needs of each user, so this involves the issue of selection.
1, application area
Once a product's features and capabilities are customized, the application area in which it is located is also determined. The determination of the application area will narrow down the scope of the selection. For example, the working conditions of products in the industrial control field are usually harsh, so the operating temperature of the chip is usually a wide temperature, so you have to select the industrial-grade chip, and the civil-grade one is Excluded. Currently, the more common categories of applications include aerospace, communications, computers, industrial controls, medical systems, consumer electronics, and automotive electronics.
2, comes with resources
Often see or hear such questions: What is the frequency? Is there a built-in Ethernet MAC? How many I/O ports? Which interface comes with? Support online simulation? Does it support OS and which OS can it support? Is there an external storage interface? ... All of the above concerns the issue of chip resources. What kind of resources the microprocessor comes with is an important consideration in selecting a model. The closer the chip's own resources are to the needs of the product, the simpler the product development is.
3, scalable resources
The hardware platform needs to support OS, RAM, and ROM, and the resource requirements are relatively high. The chip generally has built-in RAM and ROM, but its capacity is generally very small, even if the built-in 512KB is very large, but the operating OS is generally more than mega-class. This requires chip expandable memory.
4, power consumption
Just looking at "power consumption" is a more abstract term. Low-power products are energy-saving and economical, can even reduce environmental pollution, and increase reliability. It has so many advantages that low power consumption has become an important indicator for chip selection.
5, package
The common microprocessor chip package mainly includes two types: QFP and BGA. The BGA type package soldering is troublesome, the general small company will not weld, but the BGA package chip volume will be much smaller. If the product does not require strict chip size, the QFP package is the best choice for the selection.
6, the chip's continuity and technical inheritability
At present, the product replacement is fast, so the scalability of the chip should be taken into consideration during the selection. If it is the same chip of the same manufacturer's kernel series, its technology inheritability is better. You should consider a well-known semiconductor company and then inquire about its related products before making a judgment.
7, price and supply guarantee
The price and availability of chips are also factors that must be considered. Many chips are currently in the sampling phase, and their price and availability will be in an unstable state. Therefore, when selecting a type, chips that are mass-produced are selected as much as possible.
8, simulator
The emulator is a tool to be used when debugging the hardware and the underlying software. If it is not developed in the early stages, it will be hard to move. Selecting a suitable simulator will bring a lot of convenience to development. For those who already have simulators, it is necessary to consider whether it supports the selected chip during the selection process.
9, OS and development tools
As a product development, it is necessary to consider its support for software when selecting a chip, such as what kind of OS is supported. For those who already have an OS, it is necessary to consider whether the selected chip supports the OS during the selection process, or vice versa, that is, whether the OS supports the chip.
10, technical support
The current trend is to buy services, which is to buy technical support. The technical support capabilities of a good company are relatively guaranteed, so it is best to choose a well-known semiconductor company when choosing a chip.
In addition, the maturity of the chip depends on the user's use of the scale and use. If you choose to use a wider range of chips on the market, there will be more shared resources and many conveniences for development.
Here to say that some manufacturers are good at doing simple applications of MCU, some manufacturers are good at industrial control or more complex MCU and CPU applications, so they will have their own advantages and disadvantages.
According to the instruction set architecture, the CPU is divided into four types: PowerPC, X86, MIPS, and ARM. The X86 uses the CISC instruction set. The POWERPC, MIPS, and ARM use the RISC instruction set. The RISC CPU is used in embedded applications.
The industry's PowerPC is mainly used in the network communications market. X86 focuses on the PC and server markets. The target market for MIPS is embedded applications such as networks and communications, as well as digital consumer applications. ARM's target markets are portable and handheld computing devices, multimedia, and digital consumption. Products.
The high-end processor x86 architecture dual-core processor and MIPS architecture multi-core processor business positioning is not the same, the MIPS processor is easy to achieve multi-core and multi-threaded operations, excellent performance in data plane packet forwarding, but a single processor core structure is simple, Complex operations and packet depth processing are significantly inferior to x86 and PowerPC. Data processing uses multi-core MIPS or NP, and control applications use PowerPC or embedded x86.
The industry environment of ARM devices is relatively good. There are several chip vendors that can provide ARM devices. The selection must go through comparative analysis and competition evaluation.
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